All About the Icelandic Sheep

As you drive through the vast, open landscapes of Iceland, you will quickly notice a constant and charming presence: the Icelandic sheep. Dotting the green hills and volcanic fields, these hardy animals are more than just a picturesque feature of the scenery. They are a living symbol of Iceland's history, culture, and resilience.

This guide explores the world of the Icelandic sheep. We will cover their unique history, their incredible adaptation to the harsh environment, and their vital role in Icelandic traditions, from world-renowned wool to delicious culinary dishes. Understanding these remarkable animals adds a rich layer to any Icelandic road trip.

A Purebred Link to the Viking Age

The story of the Icelandic sheep begins with the first Viking settlers over 1,100 years ago. These early explorers brought sheep with them from Norway, and for centuries, this flock remained isolated on the island. Due to this long period of separation and a ban on importing other breeds, the Icelandic sheep is one of the purest and oldest domestic sheep breeds in the world.

This genetic purity means they are a direct link to the livestock of Viking-age Scandinavia. They have evolved with minimal outside influence, developing specific traits that make them perfectly suited to survive and thrive in Iceland’s demanding climate. Today, there are around 500,000 sheep in Iceland—significantly more than the human population.

Built for the Icelandic Environment

The Icelandic sheep is a testament to natural selection. Its survival through centuries of volcanic eruptions, long winters, and scarce resources has resulted in a uniquely adapted animal.

Dual-Coated Wool for All Weather

One of the most defining features is their dual-coated fleece. This clever natural design provides complete protection from the elements.

• Thel: The inner layer, known as thel, is fine, soft, and insulating. It provides warmth and keeps the sheep comfortable even in freezing temperatures.
• Tog: The outer layer, called tog, is long, glossy, and water-resistant. It acts like a natural raincoat, wicking away rain and snow to keep the inner layer dry.

This combination makes Icelandic wool a highly sought-after material for clothing that needs to be both warm and weather-resistant.

Hardiness and Foraging Skills

Icelandic sheep are known for their strength and independence. They are expert foragers, capable of finding sustenance in sparse vegetation. This ability allows them to roam freely across the country’s highlands and remote valleys during the summer months.

The Annual Cycle: From Free-Roaming to Réttir

The life of an Icelandic sheep follows a rhythm dictated by the seasons, a cycle that involves the entire rural community.

Summer Freedom

After the lambing season in May, farmers release their flocks into the highlands. For the entire summer, the sheep roam freely, grazing on the lush grasses, herbs, and wildflowers of the mountains. This free-range diet is a key factor in the distinct, high-quality flavor of Icelandic lamb. During your summer drives, you will frequently see them wandering near the roads, so it is crucial to drive with caution.

The Réttir: A National Tradition

In September, one of Iceland’s most important cultural events takes place: the réttir, or the annual sheep round-up. Farmers on foot, horseback, and with the help of Icelandic sheepdogs, travel deep into the mountains to gather their flocks.

The sheep are herded down from the highlands into large, circular sorting pens also known as réttir. Here, farmers work together to identify their sheep by their unique ear markings and sort them into individual pens belonging to each farm. The réttir is a lively, communal celebration that brings together families and neighbors, marking the end of summer and the beginning of the agricultural year. It is a fantastic spectacle to witness if your visit coincides with this event.

The Cornerstones of Icelandic Culture

For centuries, sheep have been central to the survival and prosperity of the Icelandic people. They provided not only food but also the essential raw materials for clothing and shelter.

Icelandic Wool and the Lopi Sweater

Icelandic wool is prized for its unique qualities. The unprocessed wool, known as lopi, is used to create the iconic Icelandic sweater, the lopapeysa. These sweaters are warm, lightweight, and breathable, making them perfect for Iceland's variable weather.

The traditional circular yoke design is instantly recognizable. A genuine lopapeysa is more than just a souvenir; it's a piece of Icelandic heritage, hand-knitted from the wool of the nation's own sheep. Beyond sweaters, the wool is used for blankets, hats, mittens, and a wide range of other textiles.

Icelandic Lamb in Local Cuisine

Icelandic lamb is a culinary delicacy renowned for its lean, tender meat and delicate flavor. Because the sheep roam free and graze on wild vegetation, their meat is naturally organic and infused with the taste of the Icelandic highlands.

You will find Icelandic lamb on menus across the country, prepared in various ways. Traditional dishes include kjötsúpa, a hearty lamb and vegetable soup that is perfect for a cold day. Grilled lamb fillets and slow-roasted leg of lamb are also popular staples, showcasing the meat's exceptional quality.

Driving and Interacting with Sheep in Iceland

When driving in Iceland, especially outside of major towns, you will share the road with sheep. Here are a few important safety tips:

• Drive Cautiously: Sheep are often found grazing right next to the road and can be unpredictable. Always be prepared to slow down or stop.
• Watch for Lambs: If you see one sheep, expect more. Lambs often follow their mothers, and a sheep on one side of the road might suddenly cross to join its family on the other.
• Do Not Honk: Honking your horn can startle the animals and cause them to run in an unexpected direction, including into the path of your vehicle. It is better to slow down and wait for them to move.
• Respect Their Freedom: These animals are private property and a vital part of the farmers' livelihoods. Do not chase them or attempt to feed them. Enjoy their presence from a safe and respectful distance.

The Icelandic sheep is an integral part of what makes Iceland so unique. From their Viking origins to their modern-day role in culture and cuisine, these remarkable animals offer a deep connection to the nation's soul.

Secure your car rental in Iceland today!

Search for a car!